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Published on: February 19, 2022
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GIST): A Review of Cases from Nigeria
Gabriel O Ogun1,2, Omolade O Adegoke3,4, Adam Rahman4
1Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. olabiyiogun@gmail.com.
Purpose:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare and studies on GIST in Nigeria are extremely uncommon. This study aims to achieve a comprehensive systematic review of the cases of this tumour in Nigerians.
Methods:
A systematic search of all available literature on GIST published from Nigeria between January 2000 and December 2018 was done and reviewed. Simple descriptive data on all the cases are presented.
Results:
The search yielded 15 publications but 13 publications with a total of 67 patients were analysed. The other two studies centred on imatinib therapy and overall survival, and molecular characteristics respectively and were therefore reviewed independently. Age at diagnosis ranged from 9 to 75 years, with mean age being in the 50s and 60s across most studies. There is no gender disparity. Anatomical location of primary tumours showed gastric location as the most frequent (61%) followed by large intestine accounting for 15%, the small intestine (9%) and other locations (15%). Tumour size ranged from 5-39.5 cm. Over 85% of patients had tumour size greater than 10 cm at presentation, hence fell into intermediate or high-risk group irrespective of location of tumour. The overall survival of a cohort of 27 patients that had imatinib therapy was 69.5% after 4 years of follow-up. KIT exon 11 mutations were the only mutations detected from a small cohort of 12 patients.
Conclusions:
Characteristics of GIST in Nigerians are fairly similar to other parts of the world. However, most of our patients present with large masses which are of poor prognostic characteristics.
