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Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, United Kingdom.

Maya Holding, Stuart D Dowall, Jolyon M Medlock

Emerging Infectious Diseases

|October 30, 2019

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Deer surveillance revealed a tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) focus in the UK. TBEV genomic sequence was identified in ticks from Thetford Forest, highlighting public health concerns for encephalitis.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Epidemiology
Public Health Entomology

Background:

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV) pose significant health risks.
Surveillance in the United Kingdom for these arboviruses is crucial for understanding their prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and prevalence of TBEV and LIV in UK sentinel animals and ticks.
To identify potential geographical hotspots for TBEV transmission.

Main Methods:

Large-scale surveillance of 1,309 deer sera and 2,041 ticks across England and Scotland (Feb 2018-Jan 2019).
ELISA for TBEV serocomplex antibodies in deer sera.
Real-time RT-PCR for LIV/TBEV RNA in ticks.
Full-length TBEV genomic sequencing from positive tick samples.

Keywords:

Ixodes ricinus TBEV United Kingdom deer flavivirus immunological surveillance louping ill virus meningitis/encephalitis sentinel animals tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne encephalitis virus tickborne infections ticks vector-borne infections viruses zoonoses

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Main Results:

4% of deer sera were ELISA-positive for the TBEV serocomplex.
Thetford Forest area showed the highest seroprevalence (47.7%) in deer.
Five ticks tested positive for LIV/TBEV RNA, all from Thetford Forest.
A full-length TBEV genome was sequenced from a UK tick.

Conclusions:

Deer serve as effective sentinels for detecting TBEV presence.
A potential TBEV focus was identified in the Thetford Forest area, UK.
Detection of TBEV in UK ticks has significant public health implications for encephalitis surveillance and prevention.