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Cistus salviifolius Toxicity in Cattle.

Sebastian Alessandro Mignacca1, Marco Mucciarelli2, Elena Colombino3

  • 1Veterinary practitioner, Enna, Italy.

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|October 31, 2019
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Summary

Cattle grazing on Cistus salviifolius experienced toxicosis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical signs included anorexia, weight loss, and urinary issues, with pathological findings of cystitis and nephritis.

Keywords:
Cistus salviifoliuscattlepathologyplant poisoningtoxicosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Toxicology
  • Ruminant Pathology
  • Plant-induced Animal Diseases

Background:

  • Cistus sp. pl. consumption is a known cause of toxicity in ruminants.
  • Previous reports have documented Cistus-related toxicity in various animal species.
  • The specific toxic effects of Cistus salviifolius in cattle remained largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the clinical and pathological findings of Cistus salviifolius toxicosis in beef cattle.
  • To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Cistus salviifolius toxicosis outbreaks.
  • To identify key biochemical and hematological changes associated with Cistus salviifolius toxicosis.

Main Methods:

  • Field observations and case studies across 3 beef cattle herds in Sicily, Italy.
  • Clinical examination of affected animals, including assessment of signs like anorexia, weight loss, and pollakiuria.
  • Post-mortem examinations (necropsies) and histological analysis of tissues to identify pathological lesions.
  • Serum biochemistry and hematology to evaluate electrolyte, enzyme, and cell count alterations.

Main Results:

  • Outbreaks occurred after grazing on pastures abundant in Cistus salviifolius, with mean morbidity of 29% and mortality of 21%.
  • Clinical signs included anorexia, weight loss, pollakiuria, recumbency, and occasionally abortion and neurological signs.
  • Key pathological findings included urinary bladder distention, crystalluria, chronic cystitis, interstitial nephritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and necrotizing hepatitis.

Conclusions:

  • Cistus salviifolius toxicosis is a significant health concern for cattle in Sicily, Italy.
  • The plant can cause severe urinary tract and kidney damage, alongside gastrointestinal and liver lesions.
  • This study provides the first detailed report of Cistus salviifolius toxicosis in Italian cattle, highlighting the need for pasture management.