Frequency of Signs and Symptoms in Persons With Asthma

Signs and symptoms of asthma are well established; however, no study has been performed to rank them. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the pooled frequencies of different signs and symptoms of asthma in subjects age ≥ 14 y to develop a patient-specific questionnaire.

Specific search queries were developed to include records published in Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, until November 2016. We planned to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies for determining the pooled proportions of signs and symptoms and association between combination of symptoms and asthma severity in subjects age ≥ 14 y. The quality assessment was performed using 3 parameters: reported number or percentage of subjects with asthma symptoms, respiratory disorder history, and method for data collection.

Of the 4,939 records retrieved, 67 observational studies (N = 57,033 subjects; age ≥ 14 y) were considered eligible for inclusion in the analysis. A total of 10 symptoms were reported across the studies, with pooled proportions of nasal congestion, sleep disturbances, breathlessness, chest tightness, and wheezing being 61.57%, 56.56%, 50.31%, 50.41%, and 46.97%, respectively. In records of medical history, the pooled proportion of rhinitis was 76.37%, followed by allergy/atopy at 63.53%. The pooled proportion of asthma medication use was 83.27%. In terms of the symptom combinations, the combination of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough was reported in 71.26% of subjects from 4 studies (n = 12,014 subjects). Nasal congestion, sleep disturbance, and chest tightness were the most common symptoms of asthma, followed by wheezing and breathlessness with a combination of symptoms (ie, wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough) affecting the highest proportion of subjects.

Asthma severity was dependent on variety of symptoms, consisting mostly of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough. On the basis of our analysis, we recommend a combination of symptoms be included in diagnostic-based questionnaires to aid early diagnosis.