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Soil Nematode Abundances were Increased by an Incremental Nutrient Input in a Paddy-upland Rotation System.

C Hu1, X G Xia1, X M Han2,3

  • 1Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fertilizer Resource Utilization in Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430064, P. R. China.

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Summary

Long-term fertilization, especially organic manure with chemical fertilizers, boosts soil nematode populations and crop yields in paddy-upland systems. This integrated approach enhances soil health and productivity.

Keywords:
crop yieldslong-term fertilizer experimentprodorylaimussoil nematode communitytrophic group

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Area of Science:

  • Soil Ecology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Nematology

Background:

  • Soil nematode communities are crucial indicators of soil health and ecosystem functioning.
  • Paddy-upland rotation systems present unique challenges for soil biodiversity due to alternating waterlogged and aerobic conditions.
  • Long-term fertilization experiments are essential for understanding the sustained impact of nutrient management on soil biota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of various fertilization strategies on soil nematode community structure in a 33-year-old paddy-upland rotation experiment.
  • To determine the relationship between soil nematode abundance and crop yields (rice and wheat) under different nutrient inputs.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers for enhancing soil nematode populations and agricultural productivity.

Main Methods:

  • A 33-year-long field experiment with seven treatments: unfertilized control, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizers (N, NP, NPK), and organic manure (M) combined with chemical fertilizers (MN, MNP, MNPK).
  • Soil samples were collected and analyzed for nematode community structure in rice and wheat fields during 2012 and 2013.
  • Statistical analyses, including stepwise regression, were used to correlate nematode abundance with crop yields.

Main Results:

  • Total nematode abundance significantly increased with incremental nutrient input in both rice and wheat fields.
  • Organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers significantly increased free-living nematode abundance in the rice field.
  • Omnivorous and predatory nematodes were dominant, and their abundance was significantly higher in combined organic-chemical fertilizer treatments.
  • Free-living nematodes predicted rice yield (R² = 0.56), while omnivorous and predatory nematodes predicted wheat yield (R² = 0.89).

Conclusions:

  • Long-term application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizers effectively increases soil nematode abundance and crop yields in paddy-upland rotation systems.
  • Integrated nutrient management strategies are beneficial for soil ecosystem health and agricultural sustainability.
  • The study recommends combined organic and chemical fertilizer application for optimizing soil biological activity and crop production.