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Human Dirofilariasis in Bulgaria Between 2009 and 2018.

V Velev1, K Vutova1, T Pelov2

  • 1University Hospital for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases "Prof. Iv. Kirov," Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.

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Summary

Human infections with Dirofilaria repens (a parasitic worm) are increasing in Europe, including Bulgaria. This study details 18 human cases diagnosed over a decade, highlighting common symptoms and locations.

Keywords:
Dirofilaria repensdirofilariasisdogssubcutaneous nodules

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Human and Animal Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Autochthonous Dirofilaria repens infections are prevalent in European carnivores.
  • Human dirofilariasis cases are increasingly reported across Europe.
  • Bulgaria shows a continuing trend of rising Dirofilaria repens incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and analyze 18 autochthonous human cases of Dirofilaria repens infection.
  • To describe the clinical presentation, age, and sex distribution of human dirofilariasis in Bulgaria.
  • To compare findings with other European countries.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of 18 patients treated between 2009-2018.
  • Utilized morphological examination, serology, and Knott's method for diagnosis.
  • Data collected from a specialized hospital for infectious and parasitic diseases.

Main Results:

  • 18 human cases of Dirofilaria repens infection were identified.
  • Patients ranged from 11 to 74 years old (12 female, 6 male).
  • Subcutaneous nodules and localization in the face, eyelid, or eyes were most common.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of human Dirofilaria repens infection is increasing in Bulgaria.
  • Clinical presentation and demographics align with European trends.
  • Continued surveillance and diagnosis are crucial for managing this parasitic zoonosis.