Inherited Moderate Factor X Deficiency Presenting as Cardiac Tamponade

Factor X deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder that varies in the severity of its clinical manifestations. The symptoms of this disorder can occur at any age, although most severe cases appear in childhood. The rarity of this condition has not allowed for the establishment of evidence-based management guidelines, and thus, individuals afflicted with factor X deficiency are treated based on limited literature and the opinions of clinicians with extensive experience. In this case report, we discuss a unique presentation of a 38-year-old male who was found to have cardiac tamponade as a result of his newly diagnosed inherited moderate factor X deficiency. This was discovered by obtaining a factor X activity assay and confirmed with genetic testing which demonstrated a missense variant on the factor X gene on chromosome 13. His management involved correction of his factor X deficiency with fresh frozen plasma, a pericardiocentesis, and placement of a pericardial window. He has been asymptomatic and without hemorrhagic episodes for the 10 months following his discharge.