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Understanding how discrimination can affect health.

David R Williams1,2, Jourdyn A Lawrence1, Brigette A Davis1

  • 1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

Health Services Research
|October 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial discrimination negatively impacts adult and child health, affecting mental well-being, physical health, and healthcare use. Psychosocial resources may help mitigate these adverse effects.

Keywords:
discriminationhealthhealth disparitiesmental healthracism

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Social Determinants of Health

Background:

  • Self-reported racial discrimination is a significant public health concern.
  • Existing research links discrimination experiences to adverse health outcomes and healthcare utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize empirical research on the relationship between self-reported racial discrimination and health status.
  • To examine the impact of discrimination on health service utilization.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature reviews and meta-analyses (2013-2019).
  • Searches conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science.
  • Inclusion criteria followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-nine studies confirmed adverse associations between discrimination and mental/physical health in adults.
  • Discrimination impacts preclinical disease indicators, health behaviors, and care adherence.
  • Emerging evidence suggests negative effects on children and adolescents, potentially offset by psychosocial resources.

Conclusions:

  • Racial discrimination is an emerging risk factor for disease and a driver of health disparities.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps and develop interventions.
  • Understanding and mitigating the health impacts of discrimination is crucial for health equity.