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The clinical impact of growth differentiation factor-15 in heart disease: A 2019 update

Maria Arkoumani1,2, Nektaria Papadopoulou-Marketou1,2, Nicolas C Nicolaides2

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|October 31, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a key biomarker for cardiovascular disease treatment response and prognosis. This protein is produced by heart cells and other tissues under stress, aiding in disease assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1), is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily.
  • GDF-15 is implicated in various pathological conditions including inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of GDF-15 as a biomarker for treatment response and prognosis in cardiovascular diseases.
  • To elucidate the cellular sources and stimuli for GDF-15 production in the cardiovascular system.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GDF-15.
  • Analysis of GDF-15's role in cardiovascular pathophysiology and its induction under various stress conditions.
  • Comparison of GDF-15 with established prognostic markers in cardiovascular disorders.

Main Results:

  • GDF-15 is secreted by cardiac myocytes in response to oxidative stress, angiotensin II, inflammatory cytokines, ischemia, and mechanical stretch.
  • Macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes also produce GDF-15 under stress.
  • GDF-15 levels are elevated in conditions like hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and after ischemia.

Conclusions:

  • GDF-15 serves as a valuable biomarker for assessing prognosis in cardiovascular disorders.
  • GDF-15 can be utilized alongside conventional markers like NT-proBNP and hs-TnT for enhanced prognostic accuracy.

Keywords:
GDF-15biomarkersheartstroke

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