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Related Concept Videos

Schizophrenia01:17

Schizophrenia

659
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
1.7K
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

428
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
428
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

443
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:30

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
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Schizophrenia-An Overview.

Robert A McCutcheon1,2,3, Tiago Reis Marques1,2,3, Oliver D Howes1,2,3

  • 1Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.

JAMA Psychiatry
|October 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers schizophrenia, a severe mental illness, detailing its causes, symptoms, and treatments. Understanding neurobiology and genetics helps inform new therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a prevalent and severe mental disorder.
  • Understanding its clinical characteristics, epidemiology, genetics, neuroscience, and psychopharmacology is crucial for effective clinical practice.
  • This educational review integrates research findings with a clinical case for enhanced understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of schizophrenia.
  • To explore the roles of genetic and environmental risk factors in neurodevelopment.
  • To discuss the neurobiological underpinnings of symptoms and treatment mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of neurodevelopmental trajectories and risk factors.
  • Examination of cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance and dopamine system dysfunction.
  • Discussion of treatment mechanisms and adverse effects.

Main Results:

  • Early-life factors and genetics influence neurodevelopment, predisposing individuals to schizophrenia.
  • Cortical imbalances contribute to cognitive and negative symptoms.
  • Psychosocial stressors and dopamine dysfunction are implicated in positive symptoms.
  • Current treatments target dopamine D2 receptors, leading to side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with multifactorial causes.
  • Neuroscience has identified key brain circuits involved in schizophrenia symptoms.
  • Novel treatment targets may emerge from understanding circuit mechanisms, potentially addressing unmet needs in symptom domains poorly served by current therapies.