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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants born before 32 gestational weeks.

Hye-Rim Kim1,2, Young Hwa Jung3,4, Chang Won Choi2,5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

BMC Pediatrics
|October 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction requiring levothyroxine treatment affects nearly one-fifth of preterm infants. Serial thyroid function tests are crucial for identifying these infants, even those with initially normal results.

Keywords:
Premature infantsThyroid dysfunctionThyroid function test

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are vital for newborn growth and brain development.
  • Preterm infants often experience thyroid dysfunction due to delayed maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation can be delayed in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of thyroid dysfunction requiring levothyroxine treatment in preterm infants.
  • To identify risk factors associated with thyroid dysfunction in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of preterm infants (born before 32 weeks gestation) admitted to a tertiary center.
  • Serial thyroid function tests (TSH and free thyroxine) performed at 1, 3, and 6 weeks postnatal age.
  • Inclusion criteria: infants requiring >8 weeks of hospitalization and undergoing serial TFTs.

Main Results:

  • 19.4% of included preterm infants (35/180) required levothyroxine treatment.
  • Nearly half (45.7%) of treated infants had normal initial thyroid function tests.
  • Maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension was a significant risk factor (aOR 2.64).

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid dysfunction requiring levothyroxine treatment is common in preterm infants (nearly one-fifth).
  • Serial thyroid function testing is essential for accurate diagnosis, as initial results can be misleading.
  • Identifying risk factors like pregnancy-induced hypertension aids in management.