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Sulfotransferase in humans: development and tissue distribution.

G M Pacifici1, M Franchi, C Colizzi

  • 1Department of General Pathology, Medical School, University of Pisa, Italy.

Pharmacology
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Sulfotransferase enzymes, crucial for drug metabolism, show broad distribution in human fetal tissues. Enzyme activity patterns differ significantly between fetal and adult human organs, particularly in the kidneys and intestines.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Sulfotransferases are critical enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.
  • Understanding the tissue-specific distribution and activity of sulfotransferases is essential for predicting drug metabolism and potential toxicity.
  • Previous studies have characterized sulfotransferase activity in adult tissues, but comprehensive data in human fetuses remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution and activity of sulfotransferase enzymes using 2-naphthol as a substrate in various human fetal and adult tissues.
  • To compare the sulfotransferase activity patterns between fetal and adult human organs.
  • To identify potential differences in enzyme expression that could influence drug metabolism during development.

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Main Methods:

  • Cytosolic fractions were prepared from human fetal and adult liver, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands, intestine, placenta, and urinary bladder mucosa.
  • Sulfotransferase activity was quantified by measuring the rate of 2-naphthol sulfation, expressed as picomoles per minute per milligram of protein.
  • Statistical analysis included calculating mean values and standard deviations for each tissue type and subject group.

Main Results:

  • Sulfotransferase activity was detected in all assayed human fetal and adult tissues.
  • Fetal liver exhibited high sulfotransferase activity (211 ± 197 pmol/min/mg protein).
  • Fetal kidneys (576 ± 177) and intestines (558 ± 293) showed approximately twice the activity of fetal liver, while adult liver had the highest activity (625 ± 205).
  • Adult extrahepatic tissues displayed varied activity, with intestinal mucosa (153 ± 49) showing higher activity than urinary bladder mucosa (16 ± 4).

Conclusions:

  • Sulfotransferase enzymes are widely distributed in human fetal tissues, indicating their functional importance early in development.
  • The distribution pattern of sulfotransferase activity differs significantly between human fetuses and adults, particularly in extrahepatic organs.
  • These developmental differences in sulfotransferase expression may have implications for the pharmacokinetics and safety of drugs during fetal development and infancy.