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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
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Pre-conception 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and fecundability.

A M Z Jukic1,2, D D Baird2, C R Weinberg3

  • 1Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, One Church St, 6th floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
|October 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that higher vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) may increase fecundability, while very low levels (<20 ng/ml) may reduce conception probability. Further research is needed to confirm benefits of higher vitamin D concentrations.

Keywords:
conceptionfertilitypregnanttime to pregnancyvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vitamin D's role in reproductive function is suggested by animal studies, but human data is limited.
  • Few human studies have investigated the association between vitamin D and fertility.
  • Pre-conception vitamin D status is a potential factor influencing conception probability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pre-conception 25(OH)D levels and the per cycle probability of conception (fecundability).
  • To explore potential dose-response relationships between vitamin D status and fertility.
  • To provide insights into vitamin D's role in human reproductive health.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 522 women attempting to conceive.
  • Participants completed daily/monthly diaries to track conception and cycle data.
  • Blood samples analyzed for 25(OH)D using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
  • Log-binomial discrete time-to-event models were used to estimate fecundability ratios.

Main Results:

  • A 10% higher fecundability was estimated for each 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D (FR 1.10, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.25).
  • Women with 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml had an estimated 45% reduction in fecundability (FR 0.55, CI: 0.23, 1.32).
  • Women with 25(OH)D ≥50 ng/ml had an estimated 35% increase in fecundability (FR 1.35, CI: 0.95, 1.91).

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest reduced fertility in women with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml).
  • Higher vitamin D concentrations (≥50 ng/ml) may be associated with increased fecundability.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm the reproductive benefits of higher vitamin D levels.