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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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A Case of Lactation Anaphylaxis.

Richard Pescatore1, Sumaya Mekkaoui2, Brian Duffell1

  • 1Emergency Medicine, Crozer-Keystone Health System, Chester, USA.

Cureus
|November 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Lactation anaphylaxis, a rare condition, caused recurrent allergic reactions in a postpartum patient. Switching to formula feeding successfully resolved the anaphylaxis episodes.

Keywords:
allergyanaphylaxisbreastfeedinglactation

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can occur unexpectedly.
  • Postpartum complications require careful diagnosis and management.
  • Lactation-induced reactions are uncommon but possible causes of anaphylaxis.

Observation:

  • A patient experienced recurrent anaphylaxis episodes in the emergency department (ED) after delivery.
  • Initial assessments suggested idiopathic anaphylaxis, lacking a clear cause.
  • A detailed history revealed a correlation between breastfeeding and allergic symptoms.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with lactation anaphylaxis, an allergic reaction triggered by breastfeeding.
  • Management involved transitioning the patient to formula feeding.
  • The patient experienced no further anaphylactic episodes after discontinuing breastfeeding.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering lactation anaphylaxis in postpartum patients with recurrent unexplained anaphylaxis.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management, such as formula feeding, can effectively prevent further episodes.
  • Increased awareness among healthcare providers is crucial for recognizing and managing this rare condition.