The lung microbiome: clinical and therapeutic implications

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Pulmonology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The human respiratory tract, once thought sterile, harbors a complex lung microbiota (LMt).
• Dickson's model describes the LMt as a dynamic ecosystem influenced by microbial dynamics.
• The gut-lung axis highlights bidirectional communication between intestinal and pulmonary microbiotas, with diet playing a modulatory role.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing literature on the lung microbiota.
• To discuss the relationship between LMt alterations and lung diseases.
• To explore the potential of probiotics in managing lung disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on lung microbiota composition and lung diseases.
• Analysis of the gut-lung axis and dietary influences on microbiota.
• Examination of clinical studies involving probiotic interventions for lung conditions.

Main Results:

• Lung microbiota composition is altered in various respiratory conditions, including obstructive airway diseases, interstitial lung diseases, infections, and lung cancer.
• The gut-lung axis and dietary factors are recognized as significant modulators of both gut and lung microbiotas.
• Preliminary clinical evidence suggests potential benefits of integrated probiotic treatments for lung-correlated disorders.

Conclusions:

• Alterations in lung microbiota are linked to numerous pulmonary diseases.
• The gut-lung axis and diet are crucial factors in maintaining or disrupting microbiota balance.
• Probiotics show promise as a therapeutic strategy for respiratory conditions, warranting further investigation.