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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in food and the prevalence in Brazil: a review
Anderson Clayton da Silva1, Marjory Xavier Rodrigues2, Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva3
1Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Abstract:
Foodborne diseases (FBD) occur worldwide and affect a large part of the population, being a cause of international concern among health authorities. Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted by contaminated food, and it is one of the pathogens that most cause foodborne outbreaks in Brazil. Currently, this organism's ability in developing resistance to antibiotics is notorious; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA-is known for its resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and others. MRSA is one of the leading causes of infections, becoming a major threat to human health worldwide due to the numerous toxins that can produce. At first, the transmission of MRSA occurred in clinical environments; but in recent decades, its presence has been reported in the community, outside the hospital environment, including food and food-producing animals around the world. In this review, information about MRSA was gathered to verify MRSA incidence in the world but especially in Brazil in food samples, food handlers, food-producing animals, and food processing environments. The studies show that MRSA is easily found and in certain cases with high frequency, thus representing a potential risk to public health.
Insights
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a growing threat in food. This review highlights its significant presence in food samples and food handlers in Brazil, posing a public health risk.
Area of Science:
- Food Safety
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Foodborne diseases (FBD) are a global concern.
- Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of FBD, particularly in Brazil.
- Antibiotic resistance in S. aureus, notably methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a significant public health threat due to its virulence and increasing prevalence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the incidence of MRSA in food samples, food handlers, food-producing animals, and food processing environments globally, with a specific focus on Brazil.
- To assess the public health implications of MRSA in the food chain.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
- Data on MRSA incidence were gathered from studies worldwide, with emphasis on Brazil.
- Information was collected on MRSA presence in various food-related sources: food samples, food handlers, animals, and processing environments.
Main Results:
- MRSA has been increasingly detected outside clinical settings, including in the community and food environments.
- Studies indicate that MRSA is frequently found in food samples, food handlers, and food-producing animals in Brazil.
- High frequencies of MRSA have been reported in certain food-related contexts, underscoring its widespread presence.
Conclusions:
- MRSA is prevalent in the food chain in Brazil and globally.
- The presence of MRSA in food represents a significant and potential risk to public health.
- Continued surveillance and control measures are essential to mitigate MRSA transmission through food.
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