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Afforestation driving long-term surface water browning.

Martin Škerlep1, Eva Steiner2, Anna-Lena Axelsson3

  • 1Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

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Summary

Rising dissolved organic carbon (DOC) causes surface water browning. Land-use change, particularly Norway spruce expansion, significantly contributes to long-term water color increase alongside climate factors.

Keywords:
DOCafforestationatmospheric depositionbrowningclimate changeland usewater color

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Surface water browning, linked to increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron, impacts aquatic ecosystems and carbon cycling.
  • While climate change and acidification recovery are known drivers, land-use change's role in browning is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze long-term (1940-2016) and high-resolution water color variation in a southern Swedish river.
  • To discern the individual and combined contributions of climate variables, atmospheric deposition, and land-use change to water color variation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a long-term, high-frequency dataset of river water color.
  • Employed statistical modeling to assess the influence of precipitation, temperature, sulfur (S) deposition, and land-use change (Norway spruce volume).

Main Results:

  • Water color exhibited significant seasonal variability and a long-term increase, especially after 1980.
  • Precipitation and temperature primarily explained short-term and seasonal variations.
  • Land-use change (Norway spruce volume) and S deposition were key drivers of long-term water color increase, collectively explaining 75% of the variation.

Conclusions:

  • Land-use change, specifically the expansion of Norway spruce, is a critical, often overlooked factor in surface water browning.
  • Accurate prediction of water color and DOC requires integrating multiple drivers, including land-use modifications and climate variables.