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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Stem-cell Based Engineered Immunity Against HIV Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model
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Attacking Latent HIV with convertibleCAR-T Cells, a Highly Adaptable Killing Platform.

Eytan Herzig1, Kaman Chan Kim2, Thomas A Packard1

  • 1Gladstone Center for HIV Cure Research, Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Cell
|November 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new convertible CAR-T cell platform effectively targets and eliminates HIV-infected cells, including the latent HIV reservoir. This innovative approach offers a promising strategy for HIV eradication by enhancing immune responses against the virus.

Keywords:
CAR-THIV latencyMicAbodyT cell therapybNAbbroadly neutralizing HIV antibodiesconvertibleCAR-Treduce-and-controlreservoirshock-and-kill

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Reducing the latent HIV reservoir is crucial for HIV eradication.
  • Current methods rely on reactivating and then eliminating infected cells.
  • Endogenous cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) have limitations in clearing the reservoir due to exhaustion and viral escape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a universal CAR-T cell platform for targeting the latent HIV reservoir.
  • To assess the efficacy of engineered CTLs armed with broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a convertible CAR-T cell platform using engineered CTLs.
  • Testing the ability of convertible CAR-T cells to kill HIV-infected CD4 T cells from various tissues (blood, tonsil, spleen).
  • Assessing the killing of inducible HIV reservoirs in cells from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy.

Main Results:

  • Convertible CAR-T cells effectively killed HIV-infected CD4 T cells, but not uninfected cells, when armed with anti-HIV antibodies.
  • The platform demonstrated efficacy in reducing the inducible HIV reservoir in cells from treated individuals within 48 hours.
  • Modularity allows for multiplexing with multiple antibodies, enhancing breadth and control.

Conclusions:

  • The convertible CAR-T cell platform is a promising tool for attacking the latent HIV reservoir.
  • This engineered T-cell therapy shows potential for a more effective HIV cure strategy.
  • The modular design offers flexibility and improved control in targeting HIV-infected cells.