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Can hypoglycemic episodes in type 1 diabetics trigger cardiac arrhythmias?

Kelly Regina Lainetti1, João Pimenta2, Marcio Faleiros Vendramini2

  • 1Institute of Medical Assistance to Public Servants of the State (IAMSPE), Mirandinha Street, 755, Sao Paulo 03641000, Brazil.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|November 1, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This study found no link between cardiac arrhythmias and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients without heart disease. Nocturnal hypoglycemia does not appear to trigger dangerous heart rhythms in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Sudden nocturnal death syndrome is linked to type 1 diabetes (DM1) and nocturnal hypoglycemia.
  • Ventricular arrhythmias are often cited as the cause of sudden nocturnal death in DM1 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between hypoglycemia and ventricular arrhythmias.
  • To assess this relationship in type 1 diabetes patients with structurally normal hearts.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational study involved 32 type 1 diabetes patients (age 18-60) on insulin therapy.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring (iPro2) and 24-hour Holter monitoring were used.
  • Patients were monitored for spontaneous hypoglycemia (glucose <70 mg/dL) and cardiac arrhythmias.

Main Results:

  • Of 32 patients, 21 experienced hypoglycemia, and 11 of these (52.4%) had arrhythmias not considered clinically significant.
  • Eleven patients (34%) did not experience hypoglycemia; 3 had no arrhythmias, and 8 had irrelevant arrhythmias.
  • Arrhythmias observed were similar to those in non-diabetic individuals.

Conclusions:

  • No relationship was found between cardiac arrhythmias and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients without structural heart disease.
  • Hypoglycemic episodes do not appear to induce clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias in this specific patient group.
Keywords:
ArrhythmiasContinuous ECG monitoringContinuous glucose monitoringHypoglycemiaType 1 diabetes mellitus

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