Synthesis and photophysical properties of multilayer emitting π-p-π fluorophores

Fluorescence is widely used in biology, medicine, and analytical chemistry. The anthracene framework has received considerable attention for the luminescent molecular design as an attractive building unit. Herein, Luminescent "π-p-π" anthracene crystals with different multilayer stacking modes were conducted by experimental methods and theoretical calculations. It was found that "these anthracene derivatives showed strong fluorescence and stability in both solution and solid-state; A face-to-face π-π stacking arrangement dominated in N⁹,N¹⁰-diphenyl-2,6-bis((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)anthracene-9,10-diamine (4), while C/N-H … π interactions were observed in the crystal lattice of 2,6-diethynyl-N⁹,N¹⁰-diphenylanthracene-9,10-diamine (5); The excitation processes of S₀→S₁ of 4 and 5 belonged to Localized Excitation; The number of photons emitted could be nearly equal to the number of photons absorbed below 120K". This study is expected to assist in the design of photonic materials in the field of optical chemistry.