Residents' use and perceptions of residential care facility gardens: A behaviour mapping and conversation study

To describe the gardens and their use by individuals living at residential care facilities (RCFs) with high ratings on restorative values.

Being outdoors has been described as important to older people's well-being. Use of outdoor gardens may increase residents' well-being through experiences of restorative qualities such as being away and fascination. Thus far, there has been little research on restorative experiences of gardens in the care of older people.

A descriptive design using behaviour mapping observations integrated with qualitative field notes and recorded conversations.

A criterion sampling of two gardens (out of a total of 87) was made based on residents' ratings of restorative values; the two with the highest values were chosen. Eleven residents at the two RCFs took part. Data were collected through behaviour mapping observations, field notes and conversations on five occasions in the respective facilities during residents' visits to the garden.

The observations revealed that the main uses of the gardens were to socialise and relax. The conversations also showed that the garden stimulated residents' senses and evoked memories from the past. These restorative values were interpreted as a sense of being away and fascination. Not having opportunities for outdoor visits was reported to result in disappointment and reduced well-being.

The findings showed that two basic gardens with different characteristics and views could stimulate residents' senses and evoke memories from the past; this supports the call for residents to be able to spend time in gardens to promote their well-being.

First-line managers, nurses and healthcare staff in the care of older people should consider that regular opportunities to spend time outdoors may promote older people's well-being through feelings of being away and fascination.