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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline01:16

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Curtain Flow Column: Optimization of Efficiency and Sensitivity
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Entropy optimized dissipative CNTs based flow with probable error and statistical declaration.

M Ijaz Khan1, Arfan Ali1, T Hayat2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University 45320 Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
|November 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes entropy-optimized carbon nanotube (CNT) nanofluid flow, revealing how parameters like magnetic fields and porosity affect velocity, temperature, and concentration. Results show CNT type influences these thermal-fluid dynamics significantly.

Keywords:
CNTs (Carbon nanotubes)Darcy-ForchheimerEntropy generationHomogeneous-heterogeneous reactionsMixed convectionStatistical declaration and probable error

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics and Nanotechnology
  • Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Background:

  • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), including single-wall (SWCNTs) and multi-wall (MWCNTs), possess unique properties for diverse applications.
  • CNTs offer significant potential in composites and various products, driving exploration of new applications.
  • This study investigates entropy-optimized dissipative CNT-based nanofluid flow over a stretched surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the entropy generation in a 3D flow of SWCNTs and MWCNTs.
  • To investigate the impact of various parameters on fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer.
  • To evaluate the statistical significance and error for skin friction and Nusselt number.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the homotopy technique for developing series solutions.
  • Employed numerical and graphical methods to analyze the impacts of sundry variables.
  • Performed statistical analysis and calculated probable errors for key engineering quantities.

Main Results:

  • Investigated the influence of parameters on both SWCNTs and MWCNTs.
  • Presented numerical results for surface drag force and Nusselt number.
  • Provided comparative analysis of SWCNTs and MWCNTs for velocity, concentration, and thermal fields.

Conclusions:

  • Velocity decreases with higher magnetic, inertia, and porosity parameters for both CNT types.
  • Secondary velocity increases with rotation but decreases with slip.
  • Thermal fields intensify with heat generation/absorption; concentration increases with homogeneous and Schmidt parameters.