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Biocide Potentiation Using Cinnamic Phytochemicals and Derivatives.

Joana F Malheiro1,2,3, Jean-Yves Maillard4, Fernanda Borges5

  • 1LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. up201409754@fe.up.pt.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ten phytochemicals enhanced the efficacy of common biocides, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and lactic acid (LA), against bacteria. Lactic acid combined with specific cinnamic acid derivatives showed significant bacterial reduction, highlighting potential for improved surface disinfection formulations.

Keywords:
biocidedisinfectionphytochemicalspotentiationsessile cells

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Agents
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Surface disinfection is critical for preventing bacterial infections.
  • Conventional biocides like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and lactic acid (LA) are widely used.
  • There is a need for enhanced biocidal formulations with improved efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate phytochemicals and their derivatives as potentiators for CTAB and LA.
  • To assess the combined efficacy against planktonic and sessile *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus*.
  • To identify effective phytochemical-biocide combinations for surface disinfection.

Main Methods:

  • Tested ten phytochemicals and derivatives in combination with CTAB and LA.
  • Determined Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) to assess synergistic effects.
  • Quantified bacterial reduction (log CFU.cm⁻²) against sessile bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Lactic acid combined with cinnamic, hydrocinnamic, α-methylcinnamic, and α-fluorocinnamic acids showed synergistic effects (FICI ≤ 1) against *E. coli* and *S. aureus*.
  • Phytochemical-biocide combinations significantly improved efficacy against early sessile bacteria.
  • The most effective combination was LA with allyl cinnamate against *E. coli* (2.98 ± 0.76 log CFU.cm⁻² reduction) and CTAB with α-methylcinnamic acid against *S. aureus* (1.68 ± 0.30 log CFU.cm⁻² reduction).

Conclusions:

  • Phytochemicals and their derivatives can act as effective potentiators for common biocides.
  • Combinations of LA or CTAB with specific phytochemicals demonstrate enhanced bactericidal activity.
  • These findings support the development of novel biocide formulations incorporating phytochemicals for improved surface disinfection.