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Development of Holistic Episodic Recollection.

Chi T Ngo1, Aidan J Horner2,3, Nora S Newcombe1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Temple University.

Psychological Science
|November 2, 2019
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Summary

Young children and adults recall events holistically, showing interconnected memory retrieval. The degree of this holistic memory processing strengthens with age, indicating developmental refinement.

Keywords:
episodic memoryholistic recollectionmemory developmentopen dataopen materialspattern completion

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Episodic memory enables coherent event representation and reconstruction via pattern completion.
  • Holistic recollection, characterized by retrieval dependencies across event aspects, is established in young adults.
  • Episodic memory capacity increases in early childhood, but the development of holistic recollection remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ontogeny of holistic recollection in episodic memory.
  • To determine if young children exhibit holistic memory retrieval similar to adults.
  • To examine developmental changes in the degree of holistic retrieval from childhood to adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Employed dependency analyses to assess retrieval success across different aspects of complex events.
  • Compared retrieval patterns in 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and young adults.
  • Quantified the interdependency of recall accuracy for various event components.

Main Results:

  • All age groups, including 4-year-olds, demonstrated holistic event retrieval, where recalling one aspect predicted recall of others.
  • The degree of holistic retrieval significantly increased from 4-year-olds to young adulthood.
  • Evidence suggests a developmental trajectory in the refinement of multiway binding within episodic memory.

Conclusions:

  • Holistic recollection is present in early childhood, not solely an adult capacity.
  • Episodic memory development involves the progressive refinement of binding diverse event elements.
  • Multiway binding enhancement contributes to the maturation of episodic memory throughout development.