Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

9.3K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
9.3K
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

2.2K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
2.2K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

83.1K
Overview
83.1K
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

12.8K
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
12.8K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

4.6K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
4.6K
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

4.0K
Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Atomic layer deposition for core-shell microparticle vaccines enabling programmable antigen delivery to lymph nodes enhance humoral immune responses.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Single-administration, thermostable human papillomavirus vaccines prepared with atomic layer deposition technology.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

Association between systemic complement levels and choroidal thickness in advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Lipid-free, thermostable mRNA vaccines prepared using atomic layer deposition.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2025
Same author

Broad anti-sarbecovirus responses elicited by a single administration of mosaic-8 RBD-nanoparticle vaccine prepared using atomic layer deposition.

iScience·2025
Same author

Single administration of mosaic-8b RBD-nanoparticle vaccine prepared with atomic layer deposition technology elicits broadly neutralizing anti-sarbecovirus responses.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
06:29

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

31.1K

Subvisible Particles in IVIg Formulations Activate Complement in Human Serum.

Carly F Chisholm1, William Behnke1, Yekaterina Pokhilchuk1

  • 1Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|November 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subvisible particles in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) formulations can activate the complement system, potentially causing adverse reactions. Particle concentration, not size, drives this complement activation via the alternative pathway.

Keywords:
IgG antibody(s)immune response(s)nanoparticle(s)particle sizeprotein aggregationstability

More Related Videos

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
07:06

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

15.8K
A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
06:29

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

31.1K
Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
07:06

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

15.8K
A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Intravenous administration of particles and nanomedicines can activate the complement system, leading to adverse drug reactions.
  • Therapeutic protein formulations, like IVIg, can form particles due to various stresses during handling and storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complement-activating potential of particles formed in IVIg solutions.
  • To determine the relationship between particle characteristics (size, concentration) and complement activation.

Main Methods:

  • IVIg solutions were subjected to agitation and freeze-thaw stresses in different containers to generate particles.
  • Stressed IVIg samples were incubated with human serum to assess complement activation.
  • Complement activation was measured by analyzing the release of complement factors (Bb, C3a, C5a, C4a).

Main Results:

  • Subvisible IVIg particles (2-10 microns) activated complement in a manner linearly dependent on particle concentration.
  • Larger particles (>10 microns) showed little correlation between dose and complement activation.
  • Complement activation by these particles followed the alternative pathway, evidenced by Bb, C3a, and C5a generation without C4a.

Conclusions:

  • The concentration of 2- to 10-micron IVIg particles is the primary determinant of complement activation.
  • Particle formation and characteristics are influenced by stress, formulation, and container type.
  • Understanding particle-mediated complement activation is crucial for mitigating infusion reactions associated with IVIg therapy.