Adipose tissue as a target for second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics: A molecular view

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Schizophrenia affects 21 million globally, managed by second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs).
• SGAs are effective but linked to metabolic disturbances like weight gain, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia.
• The molecular basis for these SGA-induced metabolic side effects is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking SGAs to adipose tissue.
• To focus on adipocyte biology, including differentiation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis.
• To examine the browning/beiging process in adipocytes in relation to SGA treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on SGAs and metabolic disturbances.
• Analysis of molecular pathways involved in adipocyte function.
• Examination of research on white, brown, and beige adipocyte responses to SGAs.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests SGAs interact with adipose tissue depots.
• Molecular mechanisms involve adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism.
• Thermogenic function and adipocyte browning/beiging are implicated.

Conclusions:

• SGAs' impact on adipose tissue is a significant factor in metabolic side effects.
• Further research into adipocyte molecular biology is crucial for understanding and mitigating these risks.
• Targeting adipocyte pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia patients.