Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

1.7K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
1.7K
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

6.4K
Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
6.4K
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

2.0K
Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
2.0K
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

1.4K
The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
1.4K
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

8.0K
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
8.0K
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

8.1K
This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Protocols for Metabolomic Analyses to Assess Changes in Central Carbon Metabolism from Neural Tissue.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2025
Same author

Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of <i>N</i>-Linked Glycopeptides.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2024
Same author

Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization.

Analytical chemistry·2024
Same author

Glycoprotein analysis using lectin microcolumns and capillary electrophoresis: Characterization of alpha<sub>1</sub>-acid glycoprotein by combined separation methods.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences·2021
Same author

Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Codelivery of the Antifungal HSAF Metabolites and Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase in the Predatory <i>Lysobacter enzymogenes</i>.

ACS chemical biology·2021
Same author

Toxicant exposure during pregnancy increases protective proteins in the dam and a sexually dimorphic response in the fetus.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology·2021
Same journal

Steroidal alkaloids as multi-target therapeutics for the treatment of endometriosis.

Steroids·2026
Same journal

Emerging trends for therapeutic valuation of Cyclopamine: Structural features, mechanism of action, and formulation strategies.

Steroids·2026
Same journal

The antiproliferative and antimigratory properties of the 3-biotin-B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole derivative in MCF-7 cells are mediated through G1 phase arrest and apoptosis.

Steroids·2026
Same journal

Development and validation of an LC-MS method for quantification of sex steroid hormones in skeletal muscle.

Steroids·2026
Same journal

Circulating 4β-hydroxycholesterol as a biomarker of CYP3A4 activity: beyond drug development.

Steroids·2026
Same journal

Impact of glycosylation position on flavonoid isomers' inhibition of breast cancer-associated enzyme CYP1B1.

Steroids·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

4.8K

Steroid analysis by ion mobility spectrometry.

Alana L Rister1, Eric D Dodds2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.

Steroids
|November 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) offers improved steroid analysis, overcoming limitations of traditional methods for disease biomarkers and performance enhancers. Further research is needed for medical and forensic applications.

Keywords:
Ion mobility spectrometryLiquid chromatographySteroid analysis

More Related Videos

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.1K
T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis
16:40

T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis

Published on: July 31, 2010

25.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments
08:40

Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometer for Tandem Ion Mobility Experiments

Published on: January 20, 2022

4.8K
Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
08:56

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.1K
T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis
16:40

T-wave Ion Mobility-mass Spectrometry: Basic Experimental Procedures for Protein Complex Analysis

Published on: July 31, 2010

25.2K

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Spectrometry

Background:

  • Steroids are crucial biomolecules, serving as disease biomarkers and indicators of performance-enhancing drug abuse.
  • Existing analytical techniques struggle with confident steroid isomer identification due to structural complexity.
  • Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) presents a promising gas-phase separation technique for steroid analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the application of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for steroid analysis.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of IMS, both coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and as a stand-alone method, for steroid identification.
  • To highlight future research directions for IMS in medical and forensic steroid analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on IMS analysis of steroids.
  • Examination of liquid chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (LC-IMS) for analyzing steroids and steroid glucuronides in biological samples (urine, serum).
  • Investigation of stand-alone IMS techniques, including steroid derivatization and multimer formation, to enhance isomer separation.

Main Results:

  • LC-IMS enhances signal-to-noise ratios and identification confidence for steroids and steroid glucuronides in human samples.
  • Stand-alone IMS methods like derivatization and multimer formation significantly improve the resolution of steroid isomers.
  • These advanced IMS methods have not yet been applied to complex biological mixtures for practical applications.

Conclusions:

  • IMS, particularly when coupled with LC or using specific stand-alone techniques, shows significant potential for accurate steroid analysis.
  • Enhanced separation of steroid isomers is achievable through derivatization and multimer formation using IMS.
  • Future research should focus on applying these advanced IMS methods to real-world medical and forensic scenarios involving complex biological samples.