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Affective Behavior Shows Sex Differences in Mid-adulthood Rats Following Postnatal Immune Stimulation.

I Berkiks1, A Mesfioui1, A Ouichou1

  • 1Laboratory of Genetic, Neuroendocrinology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.

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|November 2, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early-life immune challenge in rats leads to mid-adulthood anxiety in both sexes and depression in females. This immune activation alters brain function, particularly in females, impacting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Keywords:
anxietydepression-like behaviorimmunosenescencemicroglianeuroinflammationsex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

  • Mid-adulthood is a critical period for age-related diseases, with immune system changes playing a key role.
  • Early-life immune challenges can have long-lasting effects on brain function and behavior.
  • Sex-dependent differences in the neurobiological consequences of early-life adversity require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific behavioral and molecular responses to early-life immune activation in mid-adulthood.
  • To explore the neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress markers associated with these sex-dependent changes.

Main Methods:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to induce postnatal immune challenge in Wistar rats.
  • Assessment of affective behaviors using standardized behavioral test batteries at mid-adulthood.
  • Molecular analysis of prefrontal cortex tissue, including microglial complexity, TNFα, NOx, and lipid peroxidation.

Main Results:

  • LPS-induced immune challenge resulted in anxiety-like behaviors in both male and female rats at mid-adulthood.
  • Female rats exhibited depression-like behaviors, increased microglial complexity, and elevated TNFα, NOx, and lipid peroxidation in the prefrontal cortex compared to males.
  • Significant interactions between sex and LPS treatment were observed for behavioral, oxidative, and immunohistochemical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early-life immune activation can induce lasting sex-dependent alterations in affective behaviors and neurobiological markers in mid-adulthood.
  • Female rats show a heightened vulnerability to depression-like behaviors and associated neuroinflammatory and oxidative changes following early immune challenge.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in understanding neuroimmunological mechanisms of mid-adulthood brain pathology.