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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

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The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Related Experiment Video

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Serial Enrichment of Spermatogonial Stem and Progenitor Cells SSCs in Culture for Derivation of Long-term Adult Mouse SSC Lines
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Stem Leydig Cells in the Adult Testis: Characterization, Regulation and Potential Applications.

Panpan Chen1, Barry R Zirkin2, Haolin Chen1,3

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Endocrine Reviews
|November 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell therapies offer a promising alternative to testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism. Research shows stem Leydig cells can be differentiated and transplanted to restore testosterone levels, though further studies are needed.

Keywords:
hypogonadismstem Leydig cellssteroidogenic stem cellstestosteronetransdifferentiationtransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and stem cell science.
  • Endocrinology and regenerative medicine.

Background:

  • Androgen deficiency (hypogonadism) affects males, with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) having potential adverse effects.
  • Stem cell biology presents novel therapeutic avenues for hypogonadism.
  • Adult Leydig cells (ALCs), crucial for testosterone production, originate from stem Leydig cells (SLCs) that persist in adult testes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of stem cell-based therapies as alternatives to TRT for hypogonadism.
  • To review advancements in the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of SLCs and other stem cells into Leydig-like cells.
  • To assess the efficacy and challenges of transplanting these cells for restoring testosterone production.

Main Methods:

  • Identification, isolation, and in vitro expansion of stem Leydig cells (SLCs).
  • Induction of transdifferentiation in various nonsteroidogenic stem cells into Leydig-like cells.
  • Transplantation of in vitro-generated ALCs and Leydig-like cells into animal models with depleted ALCs.

Main Results:

  • SLCs are multipotent, capable of differentiating into Leydig cells and mesenchymal lineages.
  • Various stem cell types have been successfully transdifferentiated into Leydig-like cells.
  • Transplanted ALCs and Leydig-like cells restored serum testosterone levels in animal models under hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis control.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-derived Leydig cells show potential for treating hypogonadism by restoring testosterone production in an HPG-axis-dependent manner.
  • Further research is required to determine the long-term functionality of transplanted cells and optimize induction protocols.
  • Translational studies using primate and human cells are essential for clinical application.