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Nutrigenomics in livestock-recent advances.

Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland. joanna.nowacka-woszuk@up.poznan.pl.

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Summary

Nutrigenomics explores how nutrients affect gene function in livestock. This review summarizes recent studies on dietary impacts on animal health and production traits, highlighting pigs as models for human diseases.

Keywords:
DNA methylationDietEpigeneticsFarm animalsGene expressionHistone modifications

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition.
  • Genomics and epigenetics in animal science.

Background:

  • Nutrigenomics investigates nutrient impacts on genome functioning, including gene transcription, protein levels, and epigenetics.
  • Farm animal studies are limited by cost and ethics, but pigs offer valuable models for human gastrointestinal diseases due to physiological similarities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent nutrigenomic studies conducted in livestock.
  • To highlight the application of nutrigenomics in understanding animal health and production traits.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing literature on livestock nutrigenomics.
  • Focus on studies examining dietary fat, protein, microelements, and plant additives.
  • Consideration of animal life stages (prenatal, neonatal, mature).

Main Results:

  • Dietary modifications significantly influence production traits and animal health in livestock.
  • Common research areas include the effects of fat and protein sources, microelement supplementation, and plant-derived additives.
  • The animal's life stage is a critical factor in dietary intervention studies.

Conclusions:

  • Livestock, particularly pigs, are valuable models for studying nutrigenomics and human diseases.
  • Recent research demonstrates the profound effects of diet on livestock gene expression and health.
  • Further nutrigenomic research in farm animals is crucial for optimizing animal production and health.