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NLoS underwater VLC system performance: static and dynamic channel modeling.

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    This study reveals cyan LED is optimal for underwater visible light communication (UVLC) non-line-of-sight links, offering better depth and lower error rates. Practical simulations with blockage and diver movement confirm cyan

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Underwater Communications
    • Wireless Networks

    Background:

    • Underwater visible light communication (UVLC) faces challenges in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios due to water turbidity and blockages.
    • Existing research often uses impractical configurations, neglecting real-world underwater environments with objects and movement.
    • Accurate channel modeling requires considering wavelength-dependent reflection and dynamic elements like diver motion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the performance of UVLC NLoS links under various communication parameters.
    • To identify optimal LED colors and link configurations for robust underwater communication.
    • To develop and validate a dynamic channel model for realistic UVLC scenarios.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulations using MATLAB and Zemax Optics Studio for ray tracing and channel impulse response (CIR) analysis.
    • Evaluation of static and dynamic channel models, including blockage and diver mobility algorithms (Zemax Programming Language).
    • Analysis of received power, bit error rate, average delay, and delay spread across different parameters.

    Main Results:

    • Cyan LED color demonstrated superior performance in NLoS links, providing greater depth and a lower bit error rate.
    • Static channel modeling with blockage confirmed cyan as the best source, with wavelength-dependent sea water reflection characteristics.
    • Dynamic channel modeling with random diver motion showed cyan's consistent satisfactory performance in various underwater scenarios.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyan is the most effective LED color for practical UVLC NLoS communication in seawater.
    • The developed dynamic channel model provides a realistic framework for UVLC system design and analysis.
    • Statistical analysis of dynamic scenarios offers valuable insights for future UVLC system optimization.