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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
Published on: May 6, 2020
T K Hawkins1, J A Wealleans1, A M Pratt1
1Department of Endodontics, US Air Force Postgraduate Dental School, Uniformed Services University, JBSA-Lackland, TX, USA.
Targeted endodontic microsurgery (TEMS) significantly reduces surgical time and improves precision in osteotomy and resection compared to traditional endodontic microsurgery (EMS). TEMS results in more appropriate root-end resection volume and bevel angle in surgical simulations.
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