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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Precarity and Aging: A Scoping Review.

Amanda Grenier1,2, Stephanie Hatzifilalithis3,4, Debbie Laliberte-Rudman5

  • 1Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Precarity, defined by insecurity and vulnerability, significantly impacts older adults. Understanding these risks is crucial for developing targeted policies and support systems for aging populations.

Keywords:
DisabilityDisadvantageIm/migrationInequalityInsecurityLate lifeRisk

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Precarity offers a framework for understanding the insecurities and risks faced by older adults in contemporary society.
  • Existing research on aging often overlooks the multifaceted nature of precarity, encompassing social, economic, political, and cultural dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map existing conceptualizations of precarity in relation to aging and later life.
  • To identify key themes and subfields where precarity is relevant to older adults, including disability and immigration.
  • To explore the intersection of aging, precarity, and specific social locations or trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • A two-phase scoping study of the international literature on precarity in later life.
  • Phase I: Review of definitions and understandings of precarity and aging.
  • Phase II: Exploration of disability and immigration as emerging subthemes related to aging and precarity.

Main Results:

  • A total of 121 published studies were reviewed.
  • Precarity is consistently linked to insecurity, vulnerability, and labor market conditions.
  • Specific social locations, life trajectories, and conditions exacerbate the risk of precarity in later life.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for greater conceptual clarity regarding precarity and its multidimensional features in the context of aging.
  • Further research is required to understand the unique aspects of aging and precarity, delineate allied concepts, and explore emerging applications.
  • Linking research findings to theory building and policy development is essential for driving change and improving the lives of older adults experiencing precarity.