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Testosterone causes pleiotropic effects on cleanerfish behaviour.

Marta C Soares1, Renata Mazzei2, Sónia C Cardoso3,4

  • 1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal. marta.soares@cibio.up.pt.

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Testosterone in female cleaner wrasse shifts social behavior, increasing aggression and reducing service quality with clients. This highlights physiological trade-offs in decision-making, impacting both social status and foraging success.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Evolutionary strategies often overlook mechanistic constraints on social behavior.
  • Neurobiological studies suggest social decision-making flexibility is linked to physiological states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate physiological trade-offs in social behavior using field evidence.
  • To examine the effects of testosterone on social interactions in female cleaner wrasse.

Main Methods:

  • Wild female cleaner wrasse were administered testosterone or saline (control).
  • Intraspecific interactions and interspecific cleaning behavior with client fish were observed.

Main Results:

  • Testosterone increased intraspecific aggression and altered interactions with dominant males.
  • Treated females reduced interactions with clients and selectively lowered service quality for non-punishing species.

Conclusions:

  • Testosterone influences decision-making, causing pleiotropic effects on intra- and interspecific social behavior.
  • Findings support a link between physiological state, social status seeking, and behavioral trade-offs in a protogynous hermaphrodite species.