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Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing

Bruna Sinjari1, Francesca Diomede1, Vladimir Khavinson2,3,4

  • 1Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
|November 3, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Short peptides AEDG and KED delay senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). These findings support using peptides to maintain hMSC morphology and function for clinical applications requiring large cell numbers.

Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Primary stem cells, including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), enter senescence after prolonged division, altering morphology and limiting clinical use.
  • Senescence in hMSCs poses a significant challenge for cell therapies requiring large cell quantities.
  • Short peptides have demonstrated geroprotective effects and the ability to stimulate stem cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of AEDG and KED peptides in preserving the morphology and function of oral hMSCs during long-term expansion.
  • To evaluate the potential of these peptides to mitigate senescence in cultured hMSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Two types of oral hMSCs, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPLSCs) and human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs), were cultured.
  • Cells at passage 25 were divided into control, AEDG peptide-treated, and KED peptide-treated groups.
  • Senescence markers (p16 and p21) expression was analyzed using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • AEDG peptide treatment reduced p16 and p21 mRNA expression by 1.56-2.44 times compared to controls.
  • KED peptide treatment reduced p16 and p21 mRNA expression by 1.82-3.23 times compared to controls.
  • Immunofluorescence confirmed the reduced expression of senescence markers in peptide-treated groups.

Conclusions:

  • AEDG and KED peptides exhibit geroprotective effects, delaying senescence marker expression in long-term hMSC cultures.
  • These peptides can be utilized as supplementary agents in culture media to support large-scale in vitro expansion of hMSCs.
  • The findings support the clinical application of stem cell therapy by enabling the necessary expansion of functional cells.
Keywords:
AEDG peptideCell senescenceGeroprotectionKED peptideStem cellsp16p21

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