A review on nanomaterial-based field effect transistor technology for biomarker detection

Area of Science:

• Nanomaterial-based biosensors
• Field-effect transistor (FET) technology
• Biomarker detection

Background:

• FET biosensors offer small size, mass production ease, versatility, and low cost.
• Nanomaterials like silicon nanowires, graphene, and TMDs enhance FET biosensor performance.
• Integration into portable systems enables clinical and point-of-care testing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the progress of FET biosensor technology.
• To highlight the use of various nanomaterials in FET biosensors.
• To discuss applications in clinical biomarker analysis.

Main Methods:

• Introduction to FET biosensor features and recognition element immobilization.
• Discussion of FET biosensors utilizing silicon, graphene, metal oxides, and TMDs.
• Integration of microfluidic systems with FET biosensors.

Main Results:

• Summarized advances in 1D and 2D nanomaterial-based FETs for biomarker sensing.
• Detailed applications in sensing neurotransmitters, metabolites, nucleic acids, proteins, and cardiac/cancer biomarkers.
• Presented two tables summarizing key applications.

Conclusions:

• Nano-FETs are crucial for advanced diagnostic devices.
• Current challenges and future trends in FET biosensor development were addressed.
• Nano-FETs show significant promise for sensitive and rapid biomarker detection.