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People continuously perceive outcomes to sense self-agency. Inconsistent signals during outcome perception influence agency, regardless of timing, impacting our understanding of agency.

Keywords:
OutcomeSelf-agencySense of agency

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology of Perception
  • Human Agency Studies

Background:

  • The sense of agency, distinguishing caused from uncaused outcomes, is fundamental to human experience.
  • Current models propose agency arises from comparing predicted outcomes with actual events.
  • Limited research has explored the perception of actual outcomes and its role in agency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how actual outcomes are perceived and influence the sense of self-agency.
  • To determine if outcome perception is continuous or partial.
  • To examine the impact of prediction-inconsistent signals within outcomes on agency ratings.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted to assess outcome perception and agency.
  • Participants' agency ratings were collected under conditions with embedded prediction-inconsistent signals.
  • The timing of these inconsistent signals (early vs. late) within the outcome was varied.

Main Results:

  • Outcomes are sampled continuously throughout their duration, not in discrete parts.
  • Prediction-inconsistent signals, even when embedded, significantly influenced agency ratings.
  • This influence occurred irrespective of whether the inconsistent signals appeared early or late in the outcome.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous outcome sampling is crucial for forming the sense of agency.
  • The perception of outcomes is sensitive to inconsistencies, affecting self-agency judgments.
  • Findings challenge models focusing solely on prediction and comparison, highlighting the role of real-time outcome processing.