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Personal risk factors. What do they mean?

G R Newell1, V G Vogel

  • 1University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.

Cancer
|October 15, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Many cancer risk factors are unknown to individuals and underutilized by physicians. Implementing targeted interventions, like smoking cessation and screening, can significantly reduce cancer incidence and mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Epidemiologic studies have identified numerous cancer risk factors, including demographics, genetics, occupation, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices.
  • Individuals at high risk for cancer are often unaware of their risk, and physicians may lack knowledge of key risk factors or methods for risk reduction.
  • Current cancer risk reduction strategies are under-applied due to knowledge gaps, funding limitations, and lack of motivation among patients and healthcare providers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the disconnect between identified cancer risk factors and their application in risk reduction.
  • To emphasize the need for improved identification and modification of cancer risk factors.
  • To advocate for enhanced physician education and broader implementation of prevention and screening strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiologic evidence on cancer risk factors and intervention effectiveness.
  • Analysis of current gaps in risk factor awareness and application.
  • Proposal of a multi-faceted approach to cancer risk reduction, including improved risk assessment, broader screening, and physician education.

Main Results:

  • Eliminating tobacco use could decrease lung cancer deaths by 83% and reduce head and neck cancers.
  • Mammographic screening can lower breast cancer mortality by 30%, and dietary modifications may reduce overall cancer mortality by 30%.
  • Primary care physicians' patient populations exhibit risk factors contributing to 50% of US cancer risk.

Conclusions:

  • Effective cancer risk reduction requires improved risk factor measurement and identification, broader application of existing prevention and screening modalities, and development of new screening strategies.
  • Educating primary care physicians on personal cancer risk profiles and prevention programs is crucial for addressing modifiable risk factors.
  • A comprehensive strategy integrating risk assessment, targeted interventions, and physician education is essential to reduce the cancer burden.

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