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Prefrontal working memory activity predicts episodic memory performance: A neuroimaging study.

Rebecca J Melrose1, Evan Zahniser2, Stacy S Wilkins3

  • 1Brain, Behavior, and Aging Research Center, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Dept of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States.

Behavioural Brain Research
|November 4, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) processing in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is linked to long-term memory (LTM) performance in older adults. This suggests PFC activity supports both WM and LTM, impacting memory recall.

Keywords:
HippocampusLong term memoryPrefrontal cortexWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM) are distinct but interconnected memory systems.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in WM, while the hippocampus is crucial for LTM.
  • The precise relationship between PFC-based WM and LTM, particularly in visuospatial domains, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during visuospatial working memory (WM) tasks and long-term memory (LTM) performance.
  • To determine if WM processing in the PFC contributes to learning and recall in standard LTM tests.
  • To explore the unique contribution of PFC activity to memory performance beyond hippocampal volume.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI was used to measure right PFC activity during a visuospatial maintenance WM task in 43 older adults (including those with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment).
  • Hippocampal volume was quantified using T1-weighted MRI scans.
  • Participants completed the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), assessing learning, delayed recall, and recognition.

Main Results:

  • Right PFC activity during the WM task was significantly associated with performance on BVMT-R total recall and delayed recall.
  • Multiple regression analysis indicated that PFC activity explained an additional 9% of the variance in memory performance, independent of right hippocampal volume.
  • These findings highlight a functional link between PFC-mediated WM processes and LTM.

Conclusions:

  • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) processing supporting working memory (WM) is also involved in long-term memory (LTM) learning and recall.
  • WM functions such as stimuli maintenance, retrieval, and selection within the PFC contribute to LTM.
  • The study provides evidence for the role of the PFC in visuospatial LTM, complementing the known role of the hippocampus.