Mobile Health Technologies in Cardiopulmonary Disease

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies are modernizing medicine by affording greater patient engagement, monitoring, outreach, and health-care delivery. The cardiopulmonary fields have led the integration of mHealth into clinical practice and research. mHealth technologies in these areas include smartphone applications, wearable devices, and handheld devices, among others, and provide real-time monitoring of numerous important physiological measurements and other key parameters. Use of mHealth-compatible devices has increased in recent years, and age and socioeconomic gaps of ownership are narrowing. These tools provide physicians and researchers with a better understanding of an individual's health and well-being. mHealth interventions have shown utility in the prevention, monitoring, and management of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. With the growing prevalence of cardiopulmonary disease, mHealth technologies may become a more essential element of care within and outside of traditional health-care settings. mHealth is continuously developing as a result of technologic advancements and better understandings of mHealth utility. However, there is little regulation on the mHealth platforms available for commercial use and even fewer guidelines on implementing evidence-based practices into mHealth technologies. Online security is another challenge and necessitates development in data collection infrastructure to manage the extraordinary volume of patient data. Continued research on long-term implications of mHealth technology and the integration of effective interventions into clinical practice is required.