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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
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Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
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Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

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Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is...
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Assessment of radial pulse01:11

Assessment of radial pulse

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Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care
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Non-Invasive Monitoring of Microvascular Oxygenation and Reactive Hyperemia using Hybrid, Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for Critical Care

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Non-Contact Type Pulse Oximeter.

Anirudh Nandakumar Joshi1, Amy L Nystrom1, Jeffrey T La Belle2

  • 1School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, United States.

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
|November 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel noninvasive device accurately measures heart rate and pulse waveforms without skin contact. This innovation offers clinical-grade accuracy comparable to standard pulse oximeters, aiding cardiovascular disease monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Device Design

Background:

  • Heart rate and blood perfusion are critical for patient care, from prediction to monitoring.
  • Deviations in heart rate are primary indicators of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Pulse waveform analysis provides insights into heart valve and electrophysiology health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a noninvasive device for continuous, clinically accurate heart rate measurement.
  • To enable the indication of pulse waveforms for patients and physicians.
  • To develop an easy-to-use prototype for heart rate monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a noninvasive heart rate measuring device prototype.
  • Ensuring the prototype sensor does not require direct skin contact.
  • Statistical analysis comparing prototype data with industry-standard devices.

Main Results:

  • A prototype device was successfully developed for accurate, noninvasive heart rate monitoring.
  • The prototype demonstrated significant correlation with industry-standard devices.
  • A two-sample T-test showed no significant difference (P-value = 0.521) compared to a commercial pulse oximeter.

Conclusions:

  • The developed noninvasive device achieves clinical-grade accuracy for heart rate measurement.
  • The prototype's performance is comparable to existing commercial pulse oximeters.
  • This technology offers a promising approach for continuous cardiovascular monitoring.