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Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Second-generation antipsychotics and pregnancy complications.

Maria Ellfolk1, Maarit K Leinonen2, Mika Gissler2,3,4

  • 1Teratology Information, Department of Emergency Medicine Services, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Tukholmankatu 17, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Second-generation antipsychotic (S-GA) use during pregnancy increases risks for gestational diabetes, cesarean birth, and preterm birth. Neonatal complications were common in S-GA exposed infants, similar to first-generation antipsychotic users.

Keywords:
Neonatal complicationsPregnancyPregnancy complicationsSecond-generation antipsychotics

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antipsychotic medications are frequently prescribed during pregnancy.
  • Understanding the risks associated with second-generation antipsychotics (S-GAs) is crucial for maternal and infant well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between prenatal exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (S-GAs) and pregnancy and neonatal complications.
  • To compare risks between S-GA users, first-generation antipsychotic (F-GA) users, and unexposed pregnant women.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based birth cohort study utilizing Finnish national register data (1996-2016).
  • Included 1,181,090 pregnant women and singleton births.
  • Compared outcomes in S-GA exposed (n=4225), F-GA exposed (n=1576), and unexposed (n=21,125) groups using logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • S-GA use was linked to increased risks of gestational diabetes (aOR 1.43), cesarean section (aOR 1.35), large for gestational age (LGA) (aOR 1.57), and preterm birth (aOR 1.29) compared to unexposed.
  • Continuous S-GA use further elevated these risks.
  • Neonatal complications were more frequent in S-GA exposed infants.
  • S-GA users had higher risks of cesarean section and LGA compared to F-GA users, but neonatal complications were similar.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal S-GA exposure is associated with pregnancy complications, particularly those involving glucose metabolism.
  • Neonatal problems are common in infants exposed to S-GAs, with similar rates observed in F-GA exposed infants.