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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
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Foxp3 Post-translational Modifications and Treg Suppressive Activity.

Guoping Deng1, Xiaomin Song2, Shigeyoshi Fujimoto3

  • 1Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.

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|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune balance and prevent autoimmunity. Their function, regulated by Foxp3 protein modifications, offers therapeutic potential for immune diseases and cancer.

Keywords:
Foxp3O-GlcNAcylationacetylationmethylationphosphorylationpost-translational modificationregulatory T cellsubiquitylation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.
  • Tregs utilize diverse mechanisms to suppress immune responses and are influenced by metabolic programs.
  • Tissue-resident Tregs exhibit distinct characteristics compared to those in lymphoid organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define Treg cell features and the role of the Foxp3 transcription factor.
  • To review post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Foxp3 that modulate Treg function.
  • To explore Foxp3 dimer modifications and their impact on Treg activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Treg cell biology.
  • Analysis of Foxp3 transcription factor functions.
  • Summary of research on PTMs affecting Foxp3.

Main Results:

  • Foxp3 is a master regulator of Treg development and suppressive function.
  • Various PTMs (phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, methylation) modulate Foxp3 activity.
  • Foxp3 dimer modifications are relevant to Treg suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Foxp3 modulation is key to Treg biology.
  • Targeting Foxp3 PTMs could lead to novel therapies for immune diseases and cancer.