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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Long Non-coding RNAs in Myeloid Malignancies.

Alina-Andreea Zimta1, Ciprian Tomuleasa2,3, Iman Sahnoune4

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Frontiers in Oncology
|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) show promise in diagnosing and treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Identifying lncRNA signatures may personalize AML therapy and improve patient outcomes by differentiating disease progression.

Keywords:
clinical impactdiagnostic toolmyeloid malignanciesnon-coding RNAsprognostic tools

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a prevalent cancer in adults and children, characterized by bone marrow blast presence or specific cytogenetic abnormalities.
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are diagnosed via morphological changes indicating dysplasia in blood and bone marrow.
  • Leukemic cells' dysfunction leads to anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, causing fatigue, infections, and hemorrhage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of myeloid malignancies.
  • To identify specific lncRNAs that can differentiate AML subtypes and influence AML cell behavior.
  • To discover lncRNAs associated with different cytogenetic risk categories in AML.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on lncRNAs in myeloid malignancies.
  • Analysis of lncRNA expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for AML patients.
  • Identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs across cytogenetic risk groups.

Main Results:

  • Multiple lncRNAs, including H19, MEG3, and PVT1, are reported to differentiate AML types and affect AML cell behavior.
  • Ten lncRNAs (DANCR, SNHG6, FTX, etc.) showed differential expression between favorable, intermediate/normal, and poor cytogenetic risk categories in AML.
  • lncRNAs have potential applications in distinguishing disease progression from low-grade MDS to AML.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNA signatures hold potential for precise diagnosis and prognosis of myeloid malignancies.
  • Identifying lncRNAs can guide personalized therapeutic strategies, moving beyond supportive care to targeted treatments like chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation.
  • This research may significantly impact clinical management by enabling tailored treatment approaches for AML patients.