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Ambient Air Pollution and Daily Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Disease in Children in Guiyang, China

Hao Zhou1, Tianqi Wang2, Fang Zhou1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|November 5, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Air pollution significantly increases children's hospital admissions for respiratory diseases. Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) exposure the day before admission showed the strongest association, impacting hospitalization duration and cost.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Ambient air pollution is a growing global health concern, particularly for vulnerable pediatric populations.
  • Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of childhood hospitalization, and their incidence may be linked to environmental factors.
  • Understanding the specific impact of air pollutants on pediatric respiratory admissions is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants and daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children.
  • To analyze the correlation between air quality and the duration and economic cost of pediatric respiratory hospitalizations.
  • To assess the predictive capability of air pollution data for upcoming daily pediatric hospital admissions.

Main Methods:

  • Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) was employed to examine the relationship between daily air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, NO2, PM10, SO2) and hospital admissions.
  • Reproducibility analysis assessed the link between air pollution and hospitalization duration and direct costs.
  • Support Vector Regression (SVR) was used to determine if air pollution levels could predict future daily admissions.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between air pollution and daily hospital admissions (r=0.3564, p<0.001), hospitalization duration (r=0.2911, p<0.001), and economic cost (r=0.2933, p<0.001).
  • Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) exhibited the strongest association with daily admissions, with the previous day's concentration being most impactful.
  • The correlation was slightly stronger in children aged 2-18 years compared to those under 2 years old; no significant sex-based difference was observed. Air pollution data successfully predicted daily admissions (R=0.378).

Conclusions:

  • Ambient air pollution is significantly associated with increased hospital admissions, longer hospitalization durations, and higher economic costs for pediatric respiratory diseases.
  • The most substantial impact of air pollution on admissions occurs on the day preceding hospitalization.
  • PM10 was identified as the most influential pollutant among those studied, highlighting its critical role in pediatric respiratory health outcomes.

Keywords:
air pollutionchildrendaily hospital admissionseconomic cost of hospitalizationrespiratory disease

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