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Related Concept Videos

Hair Cells01:22

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Single-cell proteomics reveals changes in expression during hair-cell development.

Ying Zhu1, Mirko Scheibinger2, Daniel Christian Ellwanger2,3

  • 1Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, United States.

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|November 5, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell proteomics revealed distinct protein profiles in differentiating inner ear hair cells. This approach uncovered key proteins involved in hair cell development, offering insights beyond transcriptomics.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingactincell biologychickendevelopmentdevelopmental biologyhair cellsmass spectrometrysingle cells

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Area of Science:

  • Inner ear biology
  • Cellular development
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Sensory hair cells in the inner ear are crucial for hearing and balance.
  • Understanding protein dynamics during hair cell differentiation is essential for developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic protein changes in differentiating hair cells using single-cell proteomics.
  • To reconstruct developmental trajectories of hair cells based on proteomic data.

Main Methods:

  • Nanoliter-scale shotgun mass spectrometry was performed on individual embryonic chicken inner ear cells.
  • Single-cell proteomic data was used to reconstruct developmental trajectories.
  • Complementary single-cell transcriptome profiling was conducted.

Main Results:

  • Unique protein constellations were identified in presumptive hair cells and progenitor cells.
  • Proteins significantly increasing during differentiation include OCM, CRABP1, GPX2, AK1, and GSTO1.
  • Proteins decreasing during differentiation include TMSB4X and AGR3.
  • Proteomic findings were corroborated by corresponding changes in mRNA levels.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell proteomics provides a powerful method to uncover developmental features missed by transcriptomics alone.
  • The study identified key proteins driving hair cell differentiation in the developing inner ear.