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Related Concept Videos

Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.0K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
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Accessory Organs01:31

Accessory Organs

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Accessory organs are those that participate in the digestion of food but do not come into direct contact with it like the mouth, stomach, or intestine do. Accessory organs secrete enzymes into the digestive tract to facilitate the breakdown of food.
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Direct Injection of a Lentiviral Vector Highlights Multiple Motor Pathways in the Rat Spinal Cord
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Direct Injection of a Lentiviral Vector Highlights Multiple Motor Pathways in the Rat Spinal Cord

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Variants of accessory pathways.

Kurt S Hoffmayer1, Frederick T Han1, David Singh2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, University of California, San Diego, California.

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|November 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Variant accessory pathways, like atriofascicular, are uncommon heart conduits. This study details their anatomy, ECG, electrophysiology, and clinical signs.

Keywords:
BrechenmacherMahaimaccessory pathwaysatrio-Hisianatriofascicularcatheter ablationfasciculoventricularnodofascicularnodoventricular

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Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
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Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Accessory pathways are myocardial connections bypassing the normal cardiac conduction system.
  • Variant pathways, distinct from the common atrioventricular node pathway, contribute to arrhythmias.
  • Understanding these variants is crucial for diagnosing and managing cardiac arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review variant accessory pathways of the heart.
  • To describe the anatomical variations, electrocardiographic (ECG) features, electrophysiologic (EP) findings, and clinical presentations.
  • To highlight the relative frequencies of different types of variant pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical descriptions.
  • Analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in patients with variant pathways.
  • Review of electrophysiologic (EP) study data.
  • Compilation of clinical manifestations and case reports.

Main Results:

  • Variant accessory pathways include atriofascicular, nodofascicular, nodoventricular, atrio-Hisian, and fasciculoventricular types.
  • Atriofascicular pathways are the most frequently encountered among these variants.
  • Other pathway types (nodofascicular, nodoventricular, atrio-Hisian, fasciculoventricular) occur rarely.

Conclusions:

  • Variant accessory pathways represent diverse anatomical substrates for cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Atriofascicular pathways are the most common variant, necessitating specific diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
  • A thorough understanding of these pathways' characteristics is essential for effective clinical management.