Patterns of dysmorphology in Crouzon syndrome: an anthropometric study

Twenty-four craniofacial proportion indices were calculated from 26 surface measurements taken directly from the head and face in 61 patients with Crouzon syndrome, aged 11 days to 32 years. All patients were North American caucasians who had not undergone facial repair. The measurements and proportions were compared with those in healthy controls of the same age and sex. In most patients, the only disproportions present were a wide forehead in relation to the cranial breadth and wide orbital region compared with the face width. The proportions were in the normal range in most cases (71.7%), although many tended toward its extremities. Disproportions were associated most frequently with a combination of abnormal and normal measurements (48.9%); however, a large number (42.4%) involved two normal measurements. Among the normal proportions, most involved two normal measurements, although almost one fourth (22.8%) were associated with one or two abnormal measurements.