Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 4, 2026
Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
Published on: September 18, 2020
A randomised observational study of individualised variations in the start position of the closed-kinetic chain upper
Andrew Callaway1, Joshua Peck1, Shelley Ellis1
1Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Science, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom.
Objectives:
To assess the reliability, precision and differences between scores produced using the standard 36″ start position and 3 modified start positions of the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), towards normalisation to the individual.
Design:
RCT of 4 conditions.
Setting:
Clinical.
Participants:
Thirty-four asymptomatic individuals.
Main Outcome Measures:
Using an RCT method, variations in CKCUEST starting hand position were tested using hand spacing at standard 36″, 50% height, bi-acromial distance, and bi-acromial distance with reach to 36″. The average number of touches over 3 × 15 s maximal efforts were used to assess the intra-variation reliability, minimum detectable change (MDC) and differences to the standard 36″ start position.
Results:
The most reliable variation was the 50% height (ICC: 0.93) and with the smallest MDC (14%). 36″ results were second-most reliable (ICC: 0.90), with a low MDC (19%). Significant differences were found between bi-acromial and 50% height to the 36″ standard setup.
Conclusions:
A setup position where the hand separation is 50% of the individual's height offers excellent repeated measures reliability and the smallest MDC, suggesting it is the most sensitive to change and is a recommendation to clinicians. Conversion calculations between start variations are presented.
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