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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 4, 2026

A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance
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Balancing STAT Activity as a Therapeutic Strategy.

Kelsey L Polak1, Noah M Chernosky2, Jacob M Smigiel3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. kxp328@case.edu.

Cancers
|November 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dysregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and (STAT5) signaling drives cancer progression and therapy resistance. Targeting these pathways, alongside leveraging anti-tumorigenic STATs, offers novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

Keywords:
STAT3STAT5cancer progressioncancer-stem cellcytokineimmunosuppressionmetastasisproliferationtherapy resistancetumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Dysregulated IL-6 family cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME) activates STAT3 and STAT5.
  • Aberrant STAT3 and STAT5 signaling are key drivers of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in cancer development and progression.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting STAT3 and STAT5 signaling in cancer.
  • To investigate the potential of anti-tumorigenic STATs (STAT1, STAT2) in suppressing pro-tumorigenic STAT functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of existing literature on STAT3 and STAT5 signaling in cancer.
  • Analysis of the impact of STAT3 and STAT5 on cancer-stem cell properties, metastasis, and immune suppression.
  • Evaluation of different therapeutic targeting approaches for STAT3 and STAT5.

Main Results:

  • Persistent STAT3 activation promotes mesenchymal/cancer-stem cell (CSC) phenotypes, contributing to metastasis and treatment failure.
  • STAT3 signaling in tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils facilitates metastasis and immune evasion.
  • STAT5 activation supports cancer cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis and tumor suppressor pathways.
  • STAT5-mediated regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress anti-tumor immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • STAT3 and STAT5 play critical roles in promoting tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune suppression.
  • Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 pathways presents promising therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment.
  • Leveraging STAT1 and STAT2 may offer a strategy to counteract the pro-tumorigenic effects of STAT3/STAT5.